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                    Go 开发环境的基本要求
            
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                    常量
            
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                    变量
            
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                    时间和日期
            
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                    指针
            
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                    控制结构
            
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                    测试多返回值函数的错误
            
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                    switch 结构
            
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                    for 结构
            
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                    Break 与 continue
            
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                    标签与 goto
            
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                    函数（function）
            
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                    介绍
            
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                    函数参数与返回值
            
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                    传递变长参数
            
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                    defer 和追踪
            
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                    内置函数
            
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                    递归函数
            
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                    将函数作为参数
            
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                    闭包
            
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                    应用闭包：将函数作为返回值
            
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                    使用闭包调试
            
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                    计算函数执行时间
            
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                    通过内存缓存来提升性能
            
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                    数组与切片
            
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                    声明和初始化
            
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                    切片
            
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                    For-range 结构
            
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                    切片的复制与追加
            
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                    字符串、数组和切片的应用
            
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                    Map
            
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                    声明、初始化和 make
            
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                    测试键值对是否存在及删除元素
            
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                    for-range 的配套用法
            
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                    map 类型的切片
            
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                    map 的排序
            
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                    将 map 的键值对调
            
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                    锁和 sync 包
            
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                    精密计算和 big 包
            
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                    自定义包和可见性
            
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                    为自定义包使用 godoc
            
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                    使用 go install 安装自定义包
            
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                    自定义包的目录结构、go install 和 go test
            
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                    通过 Git 打包和安装
            
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                    Go 的外部包和项目
            
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                    在 Go 程序中使用外部库
            
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                    结构（struct）与方法（method）
            
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                    结构体定义
            
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                    使用工厂方法创建结构体实例
            
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                    使用自定义包中的结构体
            
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                    带标签的结构体
            
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                    匿名字段和内嵌结构体
            
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                    方法
            
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                    类型的 String() 方法和格式化描述符
            
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                    垃圾回收和 SetFinalizer
            
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                    接口（interface）与反射（reflection）
            
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                    接口是什么
            
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                    接口嵌套接口
            
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                    类型断言：如何检测和转换接口变量的类型
            
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                    类型判断：type-switch
            
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                    测试一个值是否实现了某个接口
            
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                    使用方法集与接口
            
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                    第一个例子：使用 Sorter 接口排序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.8.html">
  
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                    第二个例子：读和写
            
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                    空接口
            
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                    反射包
            
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                    Printf 和反射
            
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                    接口与动态类型
            
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                    总结：Go 中的面向对象
            
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                    结构体、集合和高阶函数
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4" >
  
      <span>
            
                    
                    第三部分：Go 高级编程
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.0.html">
  
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                    读写数据
            
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                    读取用户的输入
            
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                    文件读写
            
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                    文件拷贝
            
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                    从命令行读取参数
            
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                    用 buffer 读取文件
            
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                    用切片读写文件
            
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                    用 defer 关闭文件
            
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                    使用接口的实际例子：fmt.Fprintf
            
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                    格式化 JSON 数据
            
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                    XML 数据格式
            
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                    用 Gob 传输数据
            
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                    Go 中的密码学
            
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                    错误处理与测试
            
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                    错误处理
            
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                    运行时异常和 panic
            
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                    从 panic 中恢复（Recover）
            
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                    自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking
            
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                    一种用闭包处理错误的模式
            
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                    启动外部命令和程序
            
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                    Go 中的单元测试和基准测试
            
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                    测试的具体例子
            
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                    用（测试数据）表驱动测试
            
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                    性能调试：分析并优化 Go 程序
            
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                    Go语言圣经
            
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                    前言
            
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                    Go语言起源
            
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                    Go语言项目
            
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                    本书的组织
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="../ch0/ch0-04.html">
  
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                    更多的信息
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.5" data-path="../ch0/ch0-05.html">
  
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                    致谢
            
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                    入门
            
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                    Hello, World
            
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                    命令行参数
            
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                    查找重复的行
            
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                    GIF动画
            
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                    获取URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="../ch1/ch1-06.html">
  
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                    并发获取多个URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="../ch1/ch1-07.html">
  
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                    Web服务
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="../ch1/ch1-08.html">
  
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                    本章要点
            
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                    程序结构
            
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                    命名
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../ch2/ch2-02.html">
  
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                    声明
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../ch2/ch2-03.html">
  
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                    变量
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../ch2/ch2-04.html">
  
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                    赋值
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../ch2/ch2-05.html">
  
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                    类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="../ch2/ch2-06.html">
  
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                    包和文件
            
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                    作用域
            
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                    基础数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3/ch3-01.html">
    
                    
                    整型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3/ch3-02.html">
    
                    
                    浮点数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3/ch3-03.html">
    
                    
                    复数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3/ch3-04.html">
    
                    
                    布尔型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.5" data-path="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3/ch3-05.html">
    
                    
                    字符串
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.6" data-path="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3/ch3-06.html">
    
                    
                    常量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../ch4/ch4.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4.html">
    
                    
                    复合数据类型
            
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    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4-01.html">
    
                    
                    数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4-02.html">
    
                    
                    Slice
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.3" data-path="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4-03.html">
    
                    
                    Map
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.4" data-path="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4-04.html">
    
                    
                    结构体
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.5" data-path="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4-05.html">
    
                    
                    JSON
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.6" data-path="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4/ch4-06.html">
    
                    
                    文本和HTML模板
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="../ch5/ch5.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5.html">
    
                    
                    函数
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.1" data-path="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-01.html">
    
                    
                    函数声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.2" data-path="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-02.html">
    
                    
                    递归
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.3" data-path="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-03.html">
    
                    
                    多返回值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.4" data-path="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-04.html">
    
                    
                    错误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.5" data-path="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-05.html">
    
                    
                    函数值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.6" data-path="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-06.html">
    
                    
                    匿名函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.7" data-path="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-07.html">
    
                    
                    可变参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.8" data-path="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-08.html">
    
                    
                    Deferred函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.9" data-path="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-09.html">
    
                    
                    Panic异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.10" data-path="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5/ch5-10.html">
    
                    
                    Recover捕获异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="../ch6/ch6.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6.html">
    
                    
                    方法
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.1" data-path="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6-01.html">
    
                    
                    方法声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.2" data-path="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6-02.html">
    
                    
                    基于指针对象的方法
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.3" data-path="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6-03.html">
    
                    
                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.4" data-path="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6-04.html">
    
                    
                    方法值和方法表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.5" data-path="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6-05.html">
    
                    
                    示例: Bit数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.6" data-path="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6/ch6-06.html">
    
                    
                    封装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8" data-path="../ch7/ch7.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7.html">
    
                    
                    接口
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.1" data-path="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-01.html">
    
                    
                    接口是合约
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.2" data-path="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-02.html">
    
                    
                    接口类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.3" data-path="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-03.html">
    
                    
                    实现接口的条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.4" data-path="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
    
                    
                    flag.Value接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.5" data-path="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-05.html">
    
                    
                    接口值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.6" data-path="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-06.html">
    
                    
                    sort.Interface接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.7" data-path="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
    
                    
                    http.Handler接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.8" data-path="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-08.html">
    
                    
                    error接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.9" data-path="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-09.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 表达式求值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.10" data-path="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
    
                    
                    类型断言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.11" data-path="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-11.html">
    
                    
                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.12" data-path="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
    
                    
                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.13" data-path="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-13.html">
    
                    
                    类型分支
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.14" data-path="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-14.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.15" data-path="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
  
  <a href="../ch7/ch7-15.html">
    
                    
                    补充几点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.1" data-path="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-01.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.2" data-path="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.3" data-path="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.4" data-path="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-04.html">
    
                    
                    Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.5" data-path="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
    
                    
                    并发的循环
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.6" data-path="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.7" data-path="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
    
                    
                    基于select的多路复用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.8" data-path="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
    
                    
                    并发的退出
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.10" data-path="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
  
  <a href="../ch8/ch8-10.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 聊天服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10" data-path="../ch9/ch9.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9.html">
    
                    
                    基于共享变量的并发
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.1" data-path="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-01.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.2" data-path="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.3" data-path="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
    
                    
                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.4" data-path="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
    
                    
                    内存同步
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.5" data-path="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-05.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.6" data-path="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.7" data-path="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.8" data-path="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
  
  <a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11" data-path="../ch10/ch10.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
    
                    
                    包和工具
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.1" data-path="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
    
                    
                    包简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.2" data-path="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
    
                    
                    导入路径
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.3" data-path="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
    
                    
                    包声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.4" data-path="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
    
                    
                    导入声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.5" data-path="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
    
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.6" data-path="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
    
                    
                    包和命名
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.7" data-path="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
  
  <a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
    
                    
                    工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12" data-path="ch11.html">
  
  <a href="ch11.html">
    
                    
                    测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.1" data-path="ch11-01.html">
  
  <a href="ch11-01.html">
    
                    
                    go test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.3.12.2" data-path="ch11-02.html">
  
  <a href="ch11-02.html">
    
                    
                    测试函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.3" data-path="ch11-03.html">
  
  <a href="ch11-03.html">
    
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.4" data-path="ch11-04.html">
  
  <a href="ch11-04.html">
    
                    
                    基准测试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.5" data-path="ch11-05.html">
  
  <a href="ch11-05.html">
    
                    
                    剖析
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.6" data-path="ch11-06.html">
  
  <a href="ch11-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13" data-path="../ch12/ch12.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
    
                    
                    反射
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.1" data-path="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
    
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.2" data-path="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
    
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.3" data-path="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
    
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
    
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.6" data-path="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.7" data-path="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
    
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.8" data-path="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
    
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.9" data-path="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
  
  <a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14" data-path="../ch13/ch13.html">
  
  <a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
    
                    
                    底层编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.1" data-path="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
  
  <a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
  
  <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
  
  <a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.4" data-path="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
  
  <a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
    
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.5" data-path="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
  
  <a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15" data-path="../appendix/appendix.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
    
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
    
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.4" data-path="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
    
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
    
                    
                    Go Web 编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go环境配置
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
    
                    
                    Go安装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
    
                    
                    GOPATH 与工作空间
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go 命令
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go开发工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
    
                    
                    你好，Go
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
    
                    
                    流程和函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
    
                    
                    struct
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
    
                    
                    面向对象
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
    
                    
                    interface
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
    
                    
                    并发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
    
                    
                    web工作方式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go搭建一个简单的web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使得web工作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go的http包详解
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
    
                    
                    表单
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
    
                    
                    处理表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
    
                    
                    验证表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
    
                    
                    预防跨站脚本
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
    
                    
                    防止多次递交表单
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
    
                    
                    处理文件上传
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
    
                    
                    访问数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
    
                    
                    database/sql接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用MySQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
    
                    
                    使用SQLite数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
    
                    
                    使用PostgreSQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
    
                    
                    使用beedb库进行ORM开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
    
                    
                    NOSQL数据库操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
    
                    
                    session和数据存储
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
    
                    
                    session和cookie
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使用session
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
    
                    
                    session存储
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
    
                    
                    预防session劫持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
    
                    
                    文本文件处理
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
    
                    
                    XML处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
    
                    
                    JSON处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
    
                    
                    正则处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
    
                    
                    模板处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
    
                    
                    文件操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
    
                    
                    字符串处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
    
                    
                    Socket编程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
    
                    
                    WebSocket
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
    
                    
                    REST
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
    
                    
                    RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
    
                    
                    安全与加密
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
    
                    
                    预防CSRF攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
    
                    
                    确保输入过滤
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    避免XSS攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
    
                    
                    避免SQL注入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
    
                    
                    存储密码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
    
                    
                    加密和解密数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
    
                    
                    国际化和本地化
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
    
                    
                    设置默认地区
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
    
                    
                    本地化资源
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
    
                    
                    国际化站点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理，调试和测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用GDB调试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go怎么写测试用例
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
    
                    
                    部署与维护
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
    
                    
                    应用日志
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
    
                    
                    网站错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
    
                    
                    应用部署
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
    
                    
                    备份和恢复
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
    
                    
                    如何设计一个Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
    
                    
                    项目规划
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
    
                    
                    自定义路由器设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
    
                    
                    controller设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
    
                    
                    日志和配置设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
    
                    
                    实现博客的增删改
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
    
                    
                    扩展Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
    
                    
                    静态文件支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
    
                    
                    Session支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
    
                    
                    表单支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
    
                    
                    用户认证
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
    
                    
                    多语言支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
    
                    
                    pprof支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
    
                    
                    参考资料
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/">
    
                    
                    Go语言高级编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第1章 语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-01-genesis.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-01-genesis.html">
    
                    
                    1.1 Go语言创世纪
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
    
                    
                    1.2 Hello, World 的革命
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
    
                    
                    1.3 数组、字符串和切片
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
    
                    
                    1.4 函数、方法和接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-05-mem.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-05-mem.html">
    
                    
                    1.5 面向并发的内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-06-goroutine.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-06-goroutine.html">
    
                    
                    1.6 常见的并发模式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
    
                    
                    1.7 错误和异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch1-basic/ch1-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    1.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第2章 CGO编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
    
                    
                    2.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
    
                    
                    2.2 CGO基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
    
                    
                    2.3 类型转换
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    2.4 函数调用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
    
                    
                    2.5 内部机制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
    
                    
                    2.6 实战: 封装qsort
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
    
                    
                    2.7 CGO内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.8" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
    
                    
                    2.8 C++类包装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.9" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
    
                    
                    2.9 静态库和动态库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.10" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
    
                    
                    2.10 编译和链接参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.11" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
    
                    
                    2.11 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第3章 汇编语言
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
    
                    
                    3.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
    
                    
                    3.2 计算机结构
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
    
                    
                    3.3 常量和全局变量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    3.4 函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
    
                    
                    3.5 控制流
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
    
                    
                    3.6 再论函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
    
                    
                    3.7 汇编语言的威力
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.8" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
    
                    
                    3.8 例子：Goroutine ID
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.9" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
    
                    
                    3.9 Delve调试器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.10" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    3.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第4章 RPC和Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.1 RPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.2 Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.3 玩转RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
    
                    
                    4.4 GRPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.5 GRPC进阶
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.6 GRPC和Protobuf扩展
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
    
                    
                    4.7 pbgo: 基于Protobuf的框架
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.8" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
    
                    
                    4.8 grpcurl工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.9" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.9 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第5章 Go和Web
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
    
                    
                    5.1 Web开发简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
    
                    
                    5.2 Router请求路由
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
    
                    
                    5.3 Middleware中间件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
    
                    
                    5.4 Validator请求校验
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
    
                    
                    5.5 Database和数据库打交道
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
    
                    
                    5.6 Ratelimit 服务流量限制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
    
                    
                    5.7 Layout大型web项目分层
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.8" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
    
                    
                    5.8 interface 和 table-driven 开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.9" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
    
                    
                    5.9 灰度发布和 A/B test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.10" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    5.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第6章 分布式系统
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
    
                    
                    6.1 分布式 id 生成器
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
  
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                    6.2 分布式锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
    
                    
                    6.3 延时任务系统
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.4" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
    
                    
                    6.4 分布式搜索引擎
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.5" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
    
                    
                    6.5 负载均衡
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.6" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
    
                    
                    6.6 分布式配置管理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
    
                    
                    6.7 分布式爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.8" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    6.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/appendix/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../../advanced-go-programming-book/appendix/readme.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
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                    附录A: Go语言常见坑
            
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                    附录B: 有趣的代码片段
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.3" data-path="../../advanced-go-programming-book/appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
  
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                    附录C: 作者简介
            
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        <a href="../.." >测试函数</a>
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                                <section class="normal markdown-section">
                                
                                <h2 id="112-&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;">11.2. &#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</h2>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;testing&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6709;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestName(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4EE5;Test&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x7684;&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x540D;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4EE5;&#x5927;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestSin(t *testing.T) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCos(t *testing.T) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestLog(t *testing.T) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;t&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x548C;&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x7684;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x5305;gopl.io/ch11/word1&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;IsPalindrome&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4ECE;&#x524D;&#x5411;&#x540E;&#x548C;&#x4ECE;&#x540E;&#x5411;&#x524D;&#x8BFB;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x662F;&#x56DE;&#x6587;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x524D;&#x540E;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E86;&#x4E24;&#x6B21;&#xFF1B;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7A0D;&#x540E;&#x4F1A;&#x518D;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch11/word1</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Package word provides utilities for word games.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> word

<span class="hljs-comment">// IsPalindrome reports whether s reads the same forward and backward.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (Our first attempt.)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> IsPalindrome(s <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> s {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> s[i] != s[<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s)<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>-i] {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;word_test.go&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;TestPalindrome&#x548C;TestNonPalindrome&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;IsPalindrome&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;t.Error&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> word

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;testing&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;detartrated&quot;</span>) {
        t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome(&quot;detartrated&quot;) = false`</span>)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;kayak&quot;</span>) {
        t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome(&quot;kayak&quot;) = false`</span>)
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestNonPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;palindrome&quot;</span>) {
        t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome(&quot;palindrome&quot;) = true`</span>)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p><code>go test</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5305;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5C06;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#xFF08;&#x548C;<code>go build</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x548C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>$ cd $GOPATH/src/gopl.io/ch11/word1
$ go test
ok   gopl.io/ch11/word1  0.008s
</code></pre><p>&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x8FD8;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x6EE1;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C; &#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x63D0;&#x524D;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD8;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x9047;&#x5230;BUG&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6CD5;&#x56FD;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;Noelle Eve Elleon&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4F1A;&#x62B1;&#x6028;IsPalindrome&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x201C;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&#x201D;&#x3002;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x7F8E;&#x56FD;&#x4E2D;&#x90E8;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x62B1;&#x6028;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x201C;A man, a plan, a canal: Panama.&#x201D;&#x3002;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x548C;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;BUG&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestFrenchPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&quot;</span>) {
        t.Error(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome(&quot;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&quot;) = false`</span>)
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCanalPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
    input := <span class="hljs-string">&quot;A man, a plan, a canal: Panama&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(input) {
        t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">`IsPalindrome(%q) = false`</span>, input)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4E24;&#x6B21;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x8F83;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x6709;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;Printf&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684; Errorf&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x6C47;&#x62A5;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;<code>go test</code>&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E86;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>$ go test
--- FAIL: TestFrenchPalindrome (0.00s)
    word_test.go:28: IsPalindrome(&quot;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&quot;) = false
--- FAIL: TestCanalPalindrome (0.00s)
    word_test.go:35: IsPalindrome(&quot;A man, a plan, a canal: Panama&quot;) = false
FAIL
FAIL    gopl.io/ch11/word1  0.014s
</code></pre><p>&#x5148;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x5E76;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5230;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x89E6;&#x53D1;&#x4E86;&#x548C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E60;&#x60EF;&#x3002;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8981;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5148;&#x5199;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x7684;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x597D;&#x5904;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F1A;&#x6BD4;&#x624B;&#x5DE5;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x7684;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x66F4;&#x5FEB;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x5730;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x96C6;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7F13;&#x6162;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x53EA;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6765;&#x52A0;&#x5FEB;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x6570;<code>-v</code>&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x548C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go test -v
=== RUN TestPalindrome
--- PASS: TestPalindrome (0.00s)
=== RUN TestNonPalindrome
--- PASS: TestNonPalindrome (0.00s)
=== RUN TestFrenchPalindrome
--- FAIL: TestFrenchPalindrome (0.00s)
    word_test.go:28: IsPalindrome(&quot;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&quot;) = false
=== RUN TestCanalPalindrome
--- FAIL: TestCanalPalindrome (0.00s)
    word_test.go:35: IsPalindrome(&quot;A man, a plan, a canal: Panama&quot;) = false
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    gopl.io/ch11/word1  0.017s
</code></pre><p>&#x53C2;&#x6570;<code>-run</code>&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6B63;&#x5219;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x88AB;&#x5B83;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x624D;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;<code>go test</code>&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go test -v -run=&quot;French|Canal&quot;
=== RUN TestFrenchPalindrome
--- FAIL: TestFrenchPalindrome (0.00s)
    word_test.go:28: IsPalindrome(&quot;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&quot;) = false
=== RUN TestCanalPalindrome
--- FAIL: TestCanalPalindrome (0.00s)
    word_test.go:35: IsPalindrome(&quot;A man, a plan, a canal: Panama&quot;) = false
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    gopl.io/ch11/word1  0.014s
</code></pre><p>&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x4FEE;&#x590D;&#x4E86;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x5E26;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;<code>go test</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x4FEE;&#x590D;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4FEE;&#x590D;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;&#x7B80;&#x8981;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x540E;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;BUG&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x4E86; byte&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;rune&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x50CF;&#x201C;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&#x201D;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#xE9;&#x7B49;&#x975E;ASCII&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;BUG&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x7A7A;&#x683C;&#x548C;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x4E0A;&#x8FF0;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;BUG&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4ED4;&#x7EC6;&#x91CD;&#x5199;&#x4E86;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch11/word2</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Package word provides utilities for word games.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> word

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;unicode&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// IsPalindrome reports whether s reads the same forward and backward.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Letter case is ignored, as are non-letters.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> IsPalindrome(s <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> letters []<span class="hljs-keyword">rune</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, r := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> s {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> unicode.IsLetter(r) {
            letters = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(letters, unicode.ToLower(r))
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> letters {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> letters[i] != letters[<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(letters)<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>-i] {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x5C06;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5408;&#x5E76;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestIsPalindrome(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tests = []<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
        input <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
        want  <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>
    }{
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;a&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;aa&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ab&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;kayak&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;detartrated&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;A man, a plan, a canal: Panama&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Evil I did dwell; lewd did I live.&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Able was I ere I saw Elba&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#xE9;t&#xE9;&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Et se resservir, ivresse reste.&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;palindrome&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>}, <span class="hljs-comment">// non-palindrome</span>
        {<span class="hljs-string">&quot;desserts&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>},   <span class="hljs-comment">// semi-palindrome</span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, test := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> tests {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> got := IsPalindrome(test.input); got != test.want {
            t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;IsPalindrome(%q) = %v&quot;</span>, test.input, got)
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x90FD;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E86;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go test gopl.io/ch11/word2
ok      gopl.io/ch11/word2      0.015s
</code></pre><p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5728;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x5F88;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5730;&#x5411;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x7CBE;&#x529B;&#x53BB;&#x5B8C;&#x5584;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x8C03;&#x7528;t.Errorf&#x65F6;&#x523B;&#x7684;&#x5806;&#x6808;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6216;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x7684;assert&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;t.Errorf&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;panic&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x6216;&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x4E2D;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x4F1A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x771F;&#x7684;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8BB8;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6216;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x65E9;&#x5148;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7B49;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;t.Fatal&#x6216;t.Fatalf&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5728;&#x548C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;goroutine&#x5185;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x201C;f(x) = y, want z&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;f(x)&#x89E3;&#x91CA;&#x4E86;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x548C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;y&#x662F;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;z&#x662F;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x56DE;&#x6587;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;f(x)&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;&#x663E;&#x793A;x&#x662F;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x578B;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x9879;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x6B21;&#x3002;&#x8981;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x65E0;&#x7528;&#x548C;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;IsPalindrome&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x5E03;&#x5C14;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7684;z&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;x&#x3001;y&#x6216;z&#x662F;y&#x7684;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x7B80;&#x660E;&#x603B;&#x7ED3;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x8981;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5458;&#x8BCA;&#x65AD;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 11.1:</strong> &#x4E3A;4.3&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;charcount&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 11.2:</strong> &#x4E3A;&#xFF08;&#xA7;6.5&#xFF09;&#x7684;IntSet&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x548C;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;map&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x7B49;&#x4EF7;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;11.7&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1121-&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">11.2.1. &#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h3>
<p>&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4FBF;&#x4E8E;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x7CBE;&#x5FC3;&#x6311;&#x9009;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x601D;&#x8DEF;&#x662F;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x66F4;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x6765;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x63A2;&#x7D22;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x80FD;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x662F;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x7167;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x548C;&#x6E05;&#x6670;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x6548;&#x7387;&#x8F83;&#x4F4E;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x548C;&#x8981;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x4E24;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x79CD;&#x662F;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x9075;&#x5FAA;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1A;randomPalindrome&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x56DE;&#x6587;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;math/rand&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// randomPalindrome returns a palindrome whose length and contents</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// are derived from the pseudo-random number generator rng.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> randomPalindrome(rng *rand.Rand) <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span> {
    n := rng.Intn(<span class="hljs-number">25</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// random length up to 24</span>
    runes := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>([]<span class="hljs-keyword">rune</span>, n)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; (n+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)/<span class="hljs-number">2</span>; i++ {
        r := <span class="hljs-keyword">rune</span>(rng.Intn(<span class="hljs-number">0x1000</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// random rune up to &apos;\u0999&apos;</span>
        runes[i] = r
        runes[n<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>-i] = r
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>(runes)
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestRandomPalindromes(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Initialize a pseudo-random number generator.</span>
    seed := time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()
    t.Logf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Random seed: %d&quot;</span>, seed)
    rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>; i++ {
        p := randomPalindrome(rng)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !IsPalindrome(p) {
            t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;IsPalindrome(%q) = false&quot;</span>, p)
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x56E0;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5B83;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x81F3;&#x5173;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4ECE;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x8DB3;&#x591F;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x8F93;&#x5165;IsPalindrome&#x7684;p&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5C06;&#x544A;&#x8BC9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C06;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x66F4;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x4E2D;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#xFF08;&#x50CF;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x6709;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4EE5;&#x91CD;&#x73B0;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x65F6;&#x90FD;&#x5C06;&#x63A2;&#x7D22;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5B9A;&#x671F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5C06;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x6709;&#x4EF7;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 11.3:</strong> TestRandomPalindromes&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53EA;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E86;&#x56DE;&#x6587;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x3002;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x975E;&#x56DE;&#x6587;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 11.4:</strong> &#x4FEE;&#x6539;randomPalindrome&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x63A2;&#x7D22;IsPalindrome&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5BF9;&#x6807;&#x70B9;&#x548C;&#x7A7A;&#x683C;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8BD1;&#x8005;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;<strong>&#x62D3;&#x5C55;&#x9605;&#x8BFB;</strong>&#x611F;&#x5174;&#x8DA3;&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x518D;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;go-fuzz</p>
<h3 id="1122-&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;">11.2.2. &#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</h3>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;<code>go test</code>&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x7A0D;&#x52A0;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x6765;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x662F; main&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5728;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;main&#x5305;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x88AB;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5668;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E3A;2.3.2&#x8282;&#x7684;echo&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x5C06;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x62C6;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;echo&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;main&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;echo&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch11/echo</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Echo prints its command-line arguments.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;flag&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;io&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;os&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> (
    n = flag.Bool(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;n&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;omit trailing newline&quot;</span>)
    s = flag.String(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;s&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot; &quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;separator&quot;</span>)
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> out io.Writer = os.Stdout <span class="hljs-comment">// modified during testing</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    flag.Parse()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := echo(!*n, *s, flag.Args()); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;echo: %v\n&quot;</span>, err)
        os.Exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> echo(newline <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>, sep <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, args []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) error {
    fmt.Fprint(out, strings.Join(args, sep))
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> newline {
        fmt.Fprintln(out)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x8C03;&#x7528;echo&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x6B63;&#x786E;, &#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;echo&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5BF9;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD8;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;out&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6765;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;os.Stdout&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C06;out&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4EE5;&#x4FBF;&#x4E8E;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x5C31;&#x662F;echo_test.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;bytes&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;testing&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestEcho(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tests = []<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
        newline <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>
        sep     <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
        args    []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
        want    <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    }{
        {<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\t&quot;</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;one&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;two&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;three&quot;</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;one\ttwo\tthree\n&quot;</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;,&quot;</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;a&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;b&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;c&quot;</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;a,b,c\n&quot;</span>},
        {<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;1&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;2&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;3&quot;</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;1:2:3&quot;</span>},
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, test := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> tests {
        descr := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;echo(%v, %q, %q)&quot;</span>,
            test.newline, test.sep, test.args)

        out = <span class="hljs-built_in">new</span>(bytes.Buffer) <span class="hljs-comment">// captured output</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := echo(test.newline, test.sep, test.args); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
            t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s failed: %v&quot;</span>, descr, err)
            <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
        }
        got := out.(*bytes.Buffer).String()
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> got != test.want {
            t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s = %q, want %q&quot;</span>, descr, got, test.want)
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x548C;&#x4EA7;&#x54C1;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x662F;main&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;main&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;main&#x5305;&#x53EA;&#x662F;TestEcho&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x91CC;&#x9762;main&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x662F;&#x88AB;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5C06;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x662F;&#x600E;&#x4E48;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">{<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;,&quot;</span>, []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{<span class="hljs-string">&quot;a&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;b&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;c&quot;</span>}, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;a b c\n&quot;</span>}, <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> wrong expectation!</span>
</code></pre>
<p><code>go test</code>&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go test gopl.io/ch11/echo
--- FAIL: TestEcho (0.00s)
    echo_test.go:31: echo(true, &quot;,&quot;, [&quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot; &quot;c&quot;]) = &quot;a,b,c&quot;, want &quot;a b c\n&quot;
FAIL
FAIL        gopl.io/ch11/echo         0.006s
</code></pre><p>&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF08;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Go&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x548C;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x68C0;&#x89C6;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5C31;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8C03;&#x7528;log.Fatal&#x6216;os.Exit&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x7C7B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x63D0;&#x524D;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#xFF1B;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x653E;&#x5728;main&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x771F;&#x7684;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x60C5;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53D1;&#x751F;panic&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#xFF0C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;recover&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5C06;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5F53;&#x4F5C;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x975E;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x3001;&#x627E;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6216;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5F53;&#x7B49;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x7A7A;&#x7684;error&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x5E78;&#x8FD0;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF08;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x5916;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x63D2;&#x66F2;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;echo&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x662F;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x975E;&#x7A7A;error&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1123-&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">11.2.3. &#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h3>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5206;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x88AB;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x9ED1;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x516C;&#x5F00;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x548C;API&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5BF9;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x662F;&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6709;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x505A;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;clear box&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x51C6;&#x786E;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x9ED1;&#x76D2;&#x548C;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x4E92;&#x8865;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x9ED1;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x66F4;&#x5065;&#x58EE;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x5B8C;&#x5584;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5F88;&#x5C11;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x8005;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;API&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4E0D;&#x8DB3;&#x4E4B;&#x5904;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5219;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5BF9;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x68D8;&#x624B;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x8986;&#x76D6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x3002;TestIsPalindrome&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;IsPalindrome&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9ED1;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;TestEcho&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5219;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;echo&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;out&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x672A;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x51C6;&#x5907;TestEcho&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E86;echo&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;out&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x66FF;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;echo&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C06;&#x4EA7;&#x54C1;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x4E5F;&#x66FF;&#x6362;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x4F2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4F2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x597D;&#x5904;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x9884;&#x6D4B;&#xFF0C;&#x66F4;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x66F4;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4E0D;&#x826F;&#x7684;&#x526F;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6216;&#x4FE1;&#x7528;&#x5361;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x4E3A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x7684;web&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x989D;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;90%&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x914D;&#x989D;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x5C06;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x63D0;&#x9192;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;(&#x8BD1;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x5728;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x3001;cpu&#x3001;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7B49;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x5230;&#x8FBE;&#x9608;&#x503C;=&gt;&#x89E6;&#x53D1;&#x62A5;&#x8B66;&#x7684;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x5B9E;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6848;&#x4F8B;)</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch11/storage1</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> storage

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;log&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;net/smtp&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> bytesInUse(username <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }

<span class="hljs-comment">// Email sender configuration.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> never put passwords in source code!</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> sender = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;notifications@example.com&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> password = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;correcthorsebatterystaple&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> hostname = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;smtp.example.com&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> template = <span class="hljs-string">`Warning: you are using %d bytes of storage,
%d%% of your quota.`</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> CheckQuota(username <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
    used := bytesInUse(username)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> quota = <span class="hljs-number">1000000000</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 1GB</span>
    percent := <span class="hljs-number">100</span> * used / quota
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> percent &lt; <span class="hljs-number">90</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// OK</span>
    }
    msg := fmt.Sprintf(template, used, percent)
    auth := smtp.PlainAuth(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>, sender, password, hostname)
    err := smtp.SendMail(hostname+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:587&quot;</span>, auth, sender,
        []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{username}, []<span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>(msg))
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;smtp.SendMail(%s) failed: %s&quot;</span>, username, err)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x60F3;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x8FD9;&#x6BB5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x79C1;&#x6709;&#x7684;notifyUser&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch11/storage2</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> notifyUser = <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(username, msg <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
    auth := smtp.PlainAuth(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>, sender, password, hostname)
    err := smtp.SendMail(hostname+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:587&quot;</span>, auth, sender,
        []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{username}, []<span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>(msg))
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;smtp.SendEmail(%s) failed: %s&quot;</span>, username, err)
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> CheckQuota(username <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
    used := bytesInUse(username)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> quota = <span class="hljs-number">1000000000</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 1GB</span>
    percent := <span class="hljs-number">100</span> * used / quota
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> percent &lt; <span class="hljs-number">90</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// OK</span>
    }
    msg := fmt.Sprintf(template, used, percent)
    notifyUser(username, msg)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x7528;&#x4F2A;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x548C;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> storage

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;testing&quot;</span>
)
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCheckQuotaNotifiesUser(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> notifiedUser, notifiedMsg <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    notifyUser = <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(user, msg <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
        notifiedUser, notifiedMsg = user, msg
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...simulate a 980MB-used condition...</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> user = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;joe@example.org&quot;</span>
    CheckQuota(user)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> notifiedUser == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; notifiedMsg == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span> {
        t.Fatalf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;notifyUser not called&quot;</span>)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> notifiedUser != user {
        t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;wrong user (%s) notified, want %s&quot;</span>,
            notifiedUser, user)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> wantSubstring = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;98% of your quota&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> !strings.Contains(notifiedMsg, wantSubstring) {
        t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;unexpected notification message &lt;&lt;%s&gt;&gt;, &quot;</span>+
            <span class="hljs-string">&quot;want substring %q&quot;</span>, notifiedMsg, wantSubstring)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF1A;&#x5F53;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;CheckQuota&#x5C06;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;notifyUsers&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x4F2A;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x90AE;&#x4EF6;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF08;&#x5F53;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x603B;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x98CE;&#x9669;&#xFF09;&#x3002; &#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6062;&#x590D;notifyUsers&#x539F;&#x5148;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4EE5;&#x4FBF;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x540E;&#x90FD;&#x80FD;&#x6062;&#x590D;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6216;panic&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x5F62;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;defer&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x6765;&#x5EF6;&#x540E;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6062;&#x590D;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestCheckQuotaNotifiesUser(t *testing.T) {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Save and restore original notifyUser.</span>
    saved := notifyUser
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() { notifyUser = saved }()

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Install the test&apos;s fake notifyUser.</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> notifiedUser, notifiedMsg <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    notifyUser = <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(user, msg <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
        notifiedUser, notifiedMsg = user, msg
    }
    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...rest of test...</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x6682;&#x65F6;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x548C;&#x6062;&#x590D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3001;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x9009;&#x9879;&#x548C;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1B;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x548C;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x94A9;&#x5B50;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1B;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x8BF1;&#x5BFC;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x3001;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF0C;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x523B;&#x610F;&#x5236;&#x9020;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x7B49;&#x56E0;&#x7D20;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x662F;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;go test&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5730;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1124-&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;">11.2.4. &#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;</h3>
<p>&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x4E0B;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#xFF1A;net/url&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;URL&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF1B;net/http&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;web&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x548C;HTTP&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6240;&#x6599;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0A;&#x5C42;&#x7684;net/http&#x5305;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E0B;&#x5C42;&#x7684;net/url&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;net/url&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x662F;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;URL&#x548C;HTTP&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x3002;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0B;&#x5C42;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E0A;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch11-01.png" alt=""></p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x5728;net/url&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#xFF0C;&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x56FE;11.1&#x4E2D;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x7BAD;&#x5934;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;10.1&#x8282;&#x6240;&#x8BB2;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x662F;&#x7981;&#x6B62;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5728;net/url&#x5305;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;url_test&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x540D;&#x7684;<code>_test</code>&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x544A;&#x8BC9;go test&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x5B83;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x6765;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x89C6;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;net/url_test&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x5B83;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x88AB;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5305;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;<code>&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x5F85;&#x6D4B;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;</code>&#x7684;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x8F85;&#x52A9;&#x5305;&#xFF1B;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5C31;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x505A;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x5C42;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5B83;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x4E0A;&#x5C42;&#xFF0C;&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x56FE;11.2&#x6240;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch11-02.png" alt=""></p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#xFF0C;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x66F4;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x5730;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#x96C6;&#x6210;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF08;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x50CF;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x5730;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5305;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;go list&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x5305;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E2D;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;Go&#x6E90;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x4EA7;&#x54C1;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x662F;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x662F;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4EE5;fmt&#x5305;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;GoFiles&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4EA7;&#x54C1;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;Go&#x6E90;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF1B;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;go build&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x8981;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>$ go list -f={{.GoFiles}} fmt
[doc.go format.go print.go scan.go]
</code></pre><p>TestGoFiles&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x662F;fmt&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;_test.go&#x4E3A;&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x540D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x53EA;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x65F6;&#x88AB;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go list -f={{.TestGoFiles}} fmt
[export_test.go]
</code></pre><p>&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x90FD;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;fmt&#x5305;&#x5E76;&#x975E;&#x5982;&#x6B64;&#xFF1B;&#x7A0D;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x518D;&#x89E3;&#x91CA;export_test.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>XTestGoFiles&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5C5E;&#x4E8E;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;fmt_test&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5148;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;fmt&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E5F;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x65F6;&#x88AB;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go list -f={{.XTestGoFiles}} fmt
[fmt_test.go scan_test.go stringer_test.go]
</code></pre><p>&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x88AB;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x800C;&#x88AB;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x5230;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x6280;&#x5DE7;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#xFF1A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;_test.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7ED9;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x65F6;&#x624D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x4F1A;&#x653E;&#x5728;export_test.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;fmt&#x5305;&#x7684;fmt.Scanf&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9700;&#x8981;unicode.IsSpace&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x592A;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#xFF0C;fmt&#x5305;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5DE8;&#x5927;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;unicode&#x5305;&#xFF1B;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;fmt&#x5305;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EB;isSpace&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x7B80;&#x6613;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;fmt.isSpace&#x548C;unicode.IsSpace&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF0C;fmt&#x5305;&#x8C28;&#x614E;&#x5730;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5230;isSpace&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;fmt&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x95E8;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;isSpace&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;export_test.go&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E13;&#x95E8;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x540E;&#x95E8;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> fmt

<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> IsSpace = isSpace
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1B;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;fmt.IsSpace&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;isSpace&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7ED9;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6280;&#x5DE7;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4F4D;&#x4E8E;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x767D;&#x76D2;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1125-&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">11.2.5. &#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h3>
<p>&#x8BB8;&#x591A;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x65B0;&#x4EBA;&#x4F1A;&#x60CA;&#x5F02;&#x4E8E;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6781;&#x7B80;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x3002;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x90FD;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF08;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x6216;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x201C;setup&#x201D;&#x548C;&#x201C;teardown&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x94A9;&#x5B50;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x548C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x6E05;&#x7406;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x7BB1;&#x8FD8;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;assert&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x3001;&#x503C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3001;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x548C;&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7B49;&#x8F85;&#x52A9;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF08;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x5374;&#x4F1A;&#x50CF;&#x706B;&#x661F;&#x6587;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;PASS&#x6216;FAIL&#x7684;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5374;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x5229;&#x4E8E;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x8005;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x542B;&#x4E49;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x9690;&#x6666;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x201C;assert: 0 == 1&#x201D;&#x6216;&#x6210;&#x9875;&#x7684;&#x6D77;&#x91CF;&#x8DDF;&#x8E2A;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x98CE;&#x683C;&#x5219;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x9C9C;&#x660E;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x8005;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#x3002;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x673A;&#x68B0;&#x7684;&#x586B;&#x7A7A;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF1B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x8005;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EC5;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E0D;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5F15;&#x53D1;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x6E05;&#x6670;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#x5730;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x7684;&#x75C7;&#x72B6;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x8FD8;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x7406;&#x60F3;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x770B;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E0D;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5728;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x5C0F;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x65F6;&#x5C31;&#x7ACB;&#x523B;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4ECE;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E2D;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x5F8B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x5F88;&#x597D;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x786E;&#x5B9E;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5F53;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x5374;&#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EF7;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4E3A;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F88;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;testing&quot;</span>
)
<span class="hljs-comment">// A poor assertion function.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> assertEqual(x, y <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> x != y {
        <span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%d != %d&quot;</span>, x, y))
    }
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
    words := strings.Split(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;a:b:c&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>)
    assertEqual(<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(words), <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x4E0A;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x72AF;&#x4E86;&#x8FC7;&#x65E9;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF1A;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6574;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x6CA1;&#x80FD;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x66F4;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x66F4;&#x6709;&#x4EF7;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#x3002;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5728;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x65F6;&#x624D;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
    s, sep := <span class="hljs-string">&quot;a:b:c&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>
    words := strings.Split(s, sep)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> got, want := <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(words), <span class="hljs-number">3</span>; got != want {
        t.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Split(%q, %q) returned %d words, want %d&quot;</span>,
            s, sep, got, want)
    }
    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x4E86;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3001;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#xFF1B;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x7684;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF1B;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x4F1A;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5199;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;if&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x6765;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x50CF;IsPalindrome&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#x6765;&#x51C6;&#x5907;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;s&#x548C;sep&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x8F85;&#x52A9;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x4E50;&#x610F;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x5728;13.3&#x8282;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;reflect.DeepEqual&#x8F85;&#x52A9;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#xFF09;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x662F;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4F60;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x624D;&#x662F;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3001;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4ECE;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x3001;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5E93;&#x7740;&#x624B;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x53D6;&#x5F97;&#x826F;&#x597D;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;11.5:</strong> &#x7528;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x6269;&#x5C55;TestSplit&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1126-&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;">11.2.6. &#x907F;&#x514D;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;</h3>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x65B0;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x4F46;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x7ECF;&#x5E38;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x51FA;bug&#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x591F;&#x7A33;&#x5065;&#xFF09;&#xFF1B;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x5BF9;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x5FAE;&#x5C0F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x5C31;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x5219;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x3002;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x591F;&#x7A33;&#x5065;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F1A;&#x632B;&#x8D25;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x4F1A;&#x6FC0;&#x6012;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x8005;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x65F6;&#x597D;&#x65F6;&#x574F;&#xFF0C;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x8017;&#x8D39;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x597D;&#x5904;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5982;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F88;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x3001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7CBE;&#x5FC3;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x6216;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4EBA;&#x4EEC;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x60F3;&#x9884;&#x5148;&#x5199;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x6746;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x5F88;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x662F;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4E5F;&#x8DDF;&#x7740;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
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